In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Society of History

A

  • Abdul Samad Mirza Documentary Analysis of the Third Period of Abdul Samad Mirza's Rule (Governorship) in Qazvin with Focus on Alamut [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 155-176]

  • Afsharieh Kalhor Tribe and Ruling Powers from Safavid Period to the End of Mohammad Shah Qajar Rule [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Afshariyeh Staudy and Analysis of Ilmokri Endeavors in the Relations and Political Developments of the Afshari and Zandi Periods (1148-1210 AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 95-110]

  • Afshar tribe Banu Shumleh; the Issue of Legitimacy and Their Local Politics [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 33-50]

  • Agricultural land Forming Crown Land (khalisa Sazi (in Mazandaran During Qajar Reign [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 177-194]

  • Agriculture Analytical Study of Economic Proceeding of Local Government Kerman Seljuks [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 51-60]

  • Alamout Documentary Analysis of the Third Period of Abdul Samad Mirza's Rule (Governorship) in Qazvin with Focus on Alamut [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 155-176]

  • Alamut investigate the Causes of migration of Rashvand clans to the Qazvin and its Consequences in the Safavid era [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 153-176]

  • Al-Kart Al-Kart's Policies and Strategies to Create Political Stability and Security in Khorasan [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 29-44]

  • Allies The Impact of the Second International War on the Decline of the Economic Position of Bushehr Port [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 249-266]

  • Al-Muzafar To Examine the Foundations of Al-Muzaffar's Judiciary System [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 61-78]

  • Amir Ali Khan GhaedHeidarGenavehei and His Role in the Economic and Social Developments of Northern Regions of the Persian Gulf in Zandiyeh Era [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 111-128]

  • Anglo-Iranian Oil Company The Role of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in the Formation of the Spatial- Physical Structure of Masjed-e-Soleiman Company (From the Beginning of Oil Discovery to the Nationalization of the Oil Industry 1287-1330) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 213-230]

  • Astan Quds Razavi The Position of Kadkhodas in the Armanian-Christian Village of Zarneh in the Pahlavi’s Era Based on Astan Quds Razavi’s Archival Documents [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 215-226]

  • Azerbaijan Economic and Trade Situation of Azerbaijan in the 4th Century AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 11-32]

B

  • Banu Shumleh Banu Shumleh; the Issue of Legitimacy and Their Local Politics [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 33-50]

  • Bazaar Economic and Trade Situation of Azerbaijan in the 4th Century AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 11-32]

  • Britain The Geostrategic Importance of the South of the Iran (Persian Gulf) in the US System of Interests During World War II to Cold [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 267-284]

  • Bushehr The Position and Function of Bushehr Merchants in the Movement of Southern Iran [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 129-154]

  • Bushehr General Hygiene in Booshehr: A Case Study of Drinking Water and Its Problems [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 231-246]

  • Bushehr Merchants The Position and Function of Bushehr Merchants in the Movement of Southern Iran [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 129-154]

C

  • Carpet The Prospect of Carpet Business and the Operation of Business Companies in Sultan Abad, Iraq(Arak) (1906-1941 AD) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 197-212]

  • Cereals The Empact of Word War ll on the Bread and Cereal Crisis Incidence in Zanjan (1941-1943 AD) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 247-266]

  • Chagatai Khanate Al-Kart's Policies and Strategies to Create Political Stability and Security in Khorasan [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 29-44]

  • Chalavids Critique of the Thirteen-year History of Mazandaran (750-762 AH) in the Reports of Historical Sources of the Eighth Century AH [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Crown Land (khalisa) Forming Crown Land (khalisa Sazi (in Mazandaran During Qajar Reign [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 177-194]

D

  • Drinking water General Hygiene in Booshehr: A Case Study of Drinking Water and Its Problems [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 231-246]

E

  • Economy Analytical Study of Economic Proceeding of Local Government Kerman Seljuks [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 51-60]

  • Effective Factors A Study of Commercial Activities of Russia in Mashhad at Qajar Era (1890-1926 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 227-248]

  • EIC and VOC company GhaedHeidarGenavehei and His Role in the Economic and Social Developments of Northern Regions of the Persian Gulf in Zandiyeh Era [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 111-128]

F

  • Fal Bureaucrats performance in the political and economic Affairs of Hormuz King [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 115-134]

  • Fali Family Rouasa Bureaucrats performance in the political and economic Affairs of Hormuz King [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 115-134]

  • Fars An Introduction to the Shamsiyyah Sect in the Garmsirat of Fars Province from the Eighth Century to the Late Ninth Century AH, with an Emphasis on Prominent Manuscripts [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 95-114]

  • Financial revenues Documentary Analysis of the Third Period of Abdul Samad Mirza's Rule (Governorship) in Qazvin with Focus on Alamut [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 155-176]

  • Financial system Economic and Trade Situation of Azerbaijan in the 4th Century AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 11-32]

G

  • Garmsirat An Introduction to the Shamsiyyah Sect in the Garmsirat of Fars Province from the Eighth Century to the Late Ninth Century AH, with an Emphasis on Prominent Manuscripts [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 95-114]

  • Genaveh Port GhaedHeidarGenavehei and His Role in the Economic and Social Developments of Northern Regions of the Persian Gulf in Zandiyeh Era [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 111-128]

  • General Hygiene General Hygiene in Booshehr: A Case Study of Drinking Water and Its Problems [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 231-246]

  • Ghaed Heidar GhaedHeidarGenavehei and His Role in the Economic and Social Developments of Northern Regions of the Persian Gulf in Zandiyeh Era [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 111-128]

H

  • Hakim District Review the characteristics of the social status of the Qajar’s Houses (Case Study: Isfahan - Hakim District) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 177-196]

  • Historiography Critique of the Thirteen-year History of Mazandaran (750-762 AH) in the Reports of Historical Sources of the Eighth Century AH [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Hormuz King Bureaucrats performance in the political and economic Affairs of Hormuz King [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 115-134]

  • Husam al-Din Shumleh Banu Shumleh; the Issue of Legitimacy and Their Local Politics [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 33-50]

I

  • Ilkhanid Rule Al-Kart's Policies and Strategies to Create Political Stability and Security in Khorasan [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 29-44]

  • Ilkhanites To Examine the Foundations of Al-Muzaffar's Judiciary System [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 61-78]

  • Ilmokri Staudy and Analysis of Ilmokri Endeavors in the Relations and Political Developments of the Afshari and Zandi Periods (1148-1210 AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 95-110]

  • Iran The role of the Qajar Period Press in Promoting the Position of the Persian Gulf as a Member of the Presidency in the Body of Iran (Emphasis on the Newspapers Habl al-Matin, Hekmat, Chehrehnama and South) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 195-214]

  • Iraqayn Historical Recognition of the Meaning and Scope of the Term Iraq-i- Ajam (Up to the end of Ilkhanids Period) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 45-60]

  • Iraq-i- Ajam Historical Recognition of the Meaning and Scope of the Term Iraq-i- Ajam (Up to the end of Ilkhanids Period) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 45-60]

  • Isfahan The Position of Kadkhodas in the Armanian-Christian Village of Zarneh in the Pahlavi’s Era Based on Astan Quds Razavi’s Archival Documents [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 215-226]

  • Isfahan Review the characteristics of the social status of the Qajar’s Houses (Case Study: Isfahan - Hakim District) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 177-196]

J

  • Jebal Historical Recognition of the Meaning and Scope of the Term Iraq-i- Ajam (Up to the end of Ilkhanids Period) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 45-60]

K

  • Kadkhoda The Position of Kadkhodas in the Armanian-Christian Village of Zarneh in the Pahlavi’s Era Based on Astan Quds Razavi’s Archival Documents [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 215-226]

  • Kalhor Tribe Kalhor Tribe and Ruling Powers from Safavid Period to the End of Mohammad Shah Qajar Rule [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Karim Khan Zand GhaedHeidarGenavehei and His Role in the Economic and Social Developments of Northern Regions of the Persian Gulf in Zandiyeh Era [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 111-128]

  • Kazerun The Position and Function of Bushehr Merchants in the Movement of Southern Iran [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 129-154]

  • Kerman An Investigation of the Religious Situation of Kerman in the Qara-Khitai Period (1223-1305 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 11-28]

  • Kerman Analytical Study of Economic Proceeding of Local Government Kerman Seljuks [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 51-60]

  • Kerman’s Seljuks Analytical Study of Economic Proceeding of Local Government Kerman Seljuks [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 51-60]

  • Khachik Tahmasian The Position of Kadkhodas in the Armanian-Christian Village of Zarneh in the Pahlavi’s Era Based on Astan Quds Razavi’s Archival Documents [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 215-226]

  • Khonj An Introduction to the Shamsiyyah Sect in the Garmsirat of Fars Province from the Eighth Century to the Late Ninth Century AH, with an Emphasis on Prominent Manuscripts [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 95-114]

  • Khorasan Al-Kart's Policies and Strategies to Create Political Stability and Security in Khorasan [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 29-44]

  • Khuzestan Banu Shumleh; the Issue of Legitimacy and Their Local Politics [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 33-50]

  • Kurdish investigate the Causes of migration of Rashvand clans to the Qazvin and its Consequences in the Safavid era [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 153-176]

  • Kurdistan Historical Recognition of the Meaning and Scope of the Term Iraq-i- Ajam (Up to the end of Ilkhanids Period) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 45-60]

L

  • Land holding Forming Crown Land (khalisa Sazi (in Mazandaran During Qajar Reign [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 177-194]

  • Lar An Introduction to the Shamsiyyah Sect in the Garmsirat of Fars Province from the Eighth Century to the Late Ninth Century AH, with an Emphasis on Prominent Manuscripts [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 95-114]

  • Legalism Tabriz Police Organization, Modern Attempt to Establish Security and Rule [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 267-282]

  • Local governments The Rise and Fall of the Local Family of Rooz Afzoon in Mazandaran [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 135-152]

  • Lorestan Banu Shumleh; the Issue of Legitimacy and Their Local Politics [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 33-50]

M

  • Maku Castle Maku Castle in the Safavid and Ottoman Conflicts [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 61-78]

  • Marashies Critique of the Thirteen-year History of Mazandaran (750-762 AH) in the Reports of Historical Sources of the Eighth Century AH [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Marashis The Rise and Fall of the Local Family of Rooz Afzoon in Mazandaran [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 135-152]

  • Mashhad A Study of Commercial Activities of Russia in Mashhad at Qajar Era (1890-1926 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 227-248]

  • Masjed Soleiman City Company The Role of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in the Formation of the Spatial- Physical Structure of Masjed-e-Soleiman Company (From the Beginning of Oil Discovery to the Nationalization of the Oil Industry 1287-1330) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 213-230]

  • Mazandaran Critique of the Thirteen-year History of Mazandaran (750-762 AH) in the Reports of Historical Sources of the Eighth Century AH [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Mazandaran Forming Crown Land (khalisa Sazi (in Mazandaran During Qajar Reign [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 177-194]

  • Mazandaran Rooz Afzoon family The Rise and Fall of the Local Family of Rooz Afzoon in Mazandaran [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 135-152]

  • Migration investigate the Causes of migration of Rashvand clans to the Qazvin and its Consequences in the Safavid era [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 153-176]

  • Mirmohanna GhaedHeidarGenavehei and His Role in the Economic and Social Developments of Northern Regions of the Persian Gulf in Zandiyeh Era [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 111-128]

  • Mohammad Reza Shah The Geostrategic Importance of the South of the Iran (Persian Gulf) in the US System of Interests During World War II to Cold [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 267-284]

N

  • Nasseraddin Shah Documentary Analysis of the Third Period of Abdul Samad Mirza's Rule (Governorship) in Qazvin with Focus on Alamut [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 155-176]

  • Negative Impacts The Impact of the Second International War on the Decline of the Economic Position of Bushehr Port [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 249-266]

  • Nikudarian Al-Kart's Policies and Strategies to Create Political Stability and Security in Khorasan [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 29-44]

O

  • Oil The Role of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in the Formation of the Spatial- Physical Structure of Masjed-e-Soleiman Company (From the Beginning of Oil Discovery to the Nationalization of the Oil Industry 1287-1330) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 213-230]

  • Ottoman Kalhor Tribe and Ruling Powers from Safavid Period to the End of Mohammad Shah Qajar Rule [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 79-94]

P

  • Pahlavi government General Hygiene in Booshehr: A Case Study of Drinking Water and Its Problems [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 231-246]

  • Persian Gulf The Impact of the Second International War on the Decline of the Economic Position of Bushehr Port [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 249-266]

  • Persian Gulf The role of the Qajar Period Press in Promoting the Position of the Persian Gulf as a Member of the Presidency in the Body of Iran (Emphasis on the Newspapers Habl al-Matin, Hekmat, Chehrehnama and South) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 195-214]

  • Persian Gulf The Geostrategic Importance of the South of the Iran (Persian Gulf) in the US System of Interests During World War II to Cold [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 267-284]

  • Persian Gulf graphy The role of the Qajar Period Press in Promoting the Position of the Persian Gulf as a Member of the Presidency in the Body of Iran (Emphasis on the Newspapers Habl al-Matin, Hekmat, Chehrehnama and South) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 195-214]

  • Police Department Tabriz Police Organization, Modern Attempt to Establish Security and Rule [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 267-282]

  • Port The Impact of the Second International War on the Decline of the Economic Position of Bushehr Port [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 249-266]

  • Portuguese Bureaucrats performance in the political and economic Affairs of Hormuz King [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 115-134]

  • Press The role of the Qajar Period Press in Promoting the Position of the Persian Gulf as a Member of the Presidency in the Body of Iran (Emphasis on the Newspapers Habl al-Matin, Hekmat, Chehrehnama and South) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 195-214]

  • Production Economic and Trade Situation of Azerbaijan in the 4th Century AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 11-32]

Q

  • Qajar Forming Crown Land (khalisa Sazi (in Mazandaran During Qajar Reign [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 177-194]

  • Qajar Era A Study of Commercial Activities of Russia in Mashhad at Qajar Era (1890-1926 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 227-248]

  • Qajar Houses Review the characteristics of the social status of the Qajar’s Houses (Case Study: Isfahan - Hakim District) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 177-196]

  • Qajarieh Kalhor Tribe and Ruling Powers from Safavid Period to the End of Mohammad Shah Qajar Rule [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Qara-Khitai Dynasty An Investigation of the Religious Situation of Kerman in the Qara-Khitai Period (1223-1305 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 11-28]

  • Qazvin investigate the Causes of migration of Rashvand clans to the Qazvin and its Consequences in the Safavid era [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 153-176]

  • Qazvin Documentary Analysis of the Third Period of Abdul Samad Mirza's Rule (Governorship) in Qazvin with Focus on Alamut [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 155-176]

R

  • Rashvand investigate the Causes of migration of Rashvand clans to the Qazvin and its Consequences in the Safavid era [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 153-176]

  • Religion An Investigation of the Religious Situation of Kerman in the Qara-Khitai Period (1223-1305 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 11-28]

  • Rural History Forming Crown Land (khalisa Sazi (in Mazandaran During Qajar Reign [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 177-194]

  • Russia A Study of Commercial Activities of Russia in Mashhad at Qajar Era (1890-1926 AD) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 227-248]

S

  • Safavid government Maku Castle in the Safavid and Ottoman Conflicts [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 61-78]

  • Safavids The Rise and Fall of the Local Family of Rooz Afzoon in Mazandaran [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 135-152]

  • Safavieh Kalhor Tribe and Ruling Powers from Safavid Period to the End of Mohammad Shah Qajar Rule [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Sarbadars Al-Kart's Policies and Strategies to Create Political Stability and Security in Khorasan [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 29-44]

  • Seljuks Historical Recognition of the Meaning and Scope of the Term Iraq-i- Ajam (Up to the end of Ilkhanids Period) [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 45-60]

  • Shah Abbas I Maku Castle in the Safavid and Ottoman Conflicts [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 61-78]

  • Sheikh Haji Mohammad Abounjam An Introduction to the Shamsiyyah Sect in the Garmsirat of Fars Province from the Eighth Century to the Late Ninth Century AH, with an Emphasis on Prominent Manuscripts [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 95-114]

  • Shushtar Banu Shumleh; the Issue of Legitimacy and Their Local Politics [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 33-50]

  • Social status Review the characteristics of the social status of the Qajar’s Houses (Case Study: Isfahan - Hakim District) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 177-196]

  • Soltanabad The Prospect of Carpet Business and the Operation of Business Companies in Sultan Abad, Iraq(Arak) (1906-1941 AD) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 197-212]

  • Southern Movement The Position and Function of Bushehr Merchants in the Movement of Southern Iran [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 129-154]

  • Southern Police The Position and Function of Bushehr Merchants in the Movement of Southern Iran [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 129-154]

  • Spatial Structure The Role of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in the Formation of the Spatial- Physical Structure of Masjed-e-Soleiman Company (From the Beginning of Oil Discovery to the Nationalization of the Oil Industry 1287-1330) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 213-230]

  • State association Tabriz Police Organization, Modern Attempt to Establish Security and Rule [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 267-282]

T

  • Tabriz Tabriz Police Organization, Modern Attempt to Establish Security and Rule [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 267-282]

  • Tarighat Shamssia An Introduction to the Shamsiyyah Sect in the Garmsirat of Fars Province from the Eighth Century to the Late Ninth Century AH, with an Emphasis on Prominent Manuscripts [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 95-114]

  • Timurid Critique of the Thirteen-year History of Mazandaran (750-762 AH) in the Reports of Historical Sources of the Eighth Century AH [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Trade Economic and Trade Situation of Azerbaijan in the 4th Century AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 11-32]

  • Trade Analytical Study of Economic Proceeding of Local Government Kerman Seljuks [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 51-60]

U

  • USA The Geostrategic Importance of the South of the Iran (Persian Gulf) in the US System of Interests During World War II to Cold [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 267-284]

W

  • World War I The Position and Function of Bushehr Merchants in the Movement of Southern Iran [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 129-154]

  • World War II The Impact of the Second International War on the Decline of the Economic Position of Bushehr Port [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 249-266]

  • World War II The Empact of Word War ll on the Bread and Cereal Crisis Incidence in Zanjan (1941-1943 AD) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 247-266]

  • World War II The Geostrategic Importance of the South of the Iran (Persian Gulf) in the US System of Interests During World War II to Cold [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 267-284]

Y

  • Yarqu To Examine the Foundations of Al-Muzaffar's Judiciary System [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 61-78]

Z

  • Zandieh Kalhor Tribe and Ruling Powers from Safavid Period to the End of Mohammad Shah Qajar Rule [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 79-94]

  • Zandih Staudy and Analysis of Ilmokri Endeavors in the Relations and Political Developments of the Afshari and Zandi Periods (1148-1210 AH [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 95-110]

  • Zanjan The Empact of Word War ll on the Bread and Cereal Crisis Incidence in Zanjan (1941-1943 AD) [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 247-266]

  • Zarneh The Position of Kadkhodas in the Armanian-Christian Village of Zarneh in the Pahlavi’s Era Based on Astan Quds Razavi’s Archival Documents [Volume 9, issue17, 2021, Pages 215-226]

  • Zuhab Treaty Maku Castle in the Safavid and Ottoman Conflicts [Volume 9, issue18, 2021, Pages 61-78]